Toksik Olmayan Multinodüler Guatr
An Overview
Multinodüler guatr (MNG), also known as nodular goiter, is a non-cancerous enlargement of the thyroid gland. It is characterized by the presence of multiple nodules, or lumps, within the gland. MNG is a common condition, affecting up to 10% of the population. It is more common in women than in men and typically develops after the age of 40.Causes
The exact cause of MNG is unknown, but it is thought to be related to a combination of factors, including genetics, iodine deficiency, and certain autoimmune disorders. Iodine is an essential nutrient required for the production of thyroid hormones. When iodine is deficient, the thyroid gland may enlarge in an attempt to increase its ability to extract iodine from the blood. Autoimmune disorders, such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis, can also lead to MNG.Symptoms
MNG often does not cause any symptoms. However, as the nodules grow in size, they can compress the surrounding structures in the neck, leading to symptoms such as: - Neck swelling or lump - Difficulty swallowing - Hoarseness - Difficulty breathing - Persistent cough - Weight gain - FatigueDiagnosis
MNG is diagnosed based on a physical examination and thyroid function tests. A physical examination can reveal an enlarged thyroid gland with multiple nodules. Thyroid function tests can measure the levels of thyroid hormones in the blood and help rule out other thyroid conditions. Ultrasound imaging may also be used to confirm the diagnosis and assess the size and number of nodules.Treatment
Treatment for MNG depends on the size and severity of the nodules and whether they are causing any symptoms. In most cases, treatment is not necessary. However, if the nodules are large or causing symptoms, treatment options may include: - Medications to reduce the size of the nodules - Surgery to remove the nodules - Radioactive iodine therapy to shrink the nodules - Thyroid hormone replacement therapy to suppress the growth of the nodules 
Toksik Olmayan Multinodüler Guatr
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